The best single predicator of future reading achievement at school entry is phonological awareness. Gillon (2004); Pressley (2002); Elhri et al (2001); Goswami (2001); Blachman (2000) Repetition is required build the neural paths for new knowledge and skills in the brain. What is the single most effective thing you can do to help the low level reader? Hear them read out loud at instructional level every day. Reading requires: Knowing letter sounds How to blend sounds together Requires graphic knowledge & memory (e.g. for high frequency words) Comprehension Fluency When faced with a new word, a child can use graphic knowledge (word chunks e.g. ing; graph etc) and phonics (letter sounds). Spelling requires: Segmentation ...